EVALUATION OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA CAUSED BY POLLEN IN A GROUP POPULLATION OF TIRANA

Abstract: An allergic response occurs when immune system proteins (antibodies) mistakenly identify a harmless substance, such as tree pollen, as an invader. In an attempt to protect your body from the substance, antibodies bind to the allergen. The chemicals released by your immune system led to allergy signs and symptoms, such as nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy eyes or skin reactions. For some people, this same reaction also affects the lungs and airways, leading to asthma symptoms. The study of allergic asthma by immunological methods, and the determination of pollens as allergens is important in determining the diagnosis and avoiding, or treating, asthma. These allergens contact our body through the skin, airways and food. Pollen enters the lungs through the air and comes in contact with the mucous membranes of the nose, throat and bronchi. It has been noticed that the presence of allergens such as pollen in our country is very high, especially in Tirana. In the city of Tirana, there has been an increase in people with respiratory and food allergies, being very polluted by increased traffic, by malnutrition with fast and canned food, etc. Pollen determination methods have been applied in the city of Tirana. Individuals underwent the Alleisascreen test. It has been observed that in general the age group up to 10 years is always the most affected to any type of allergy. This test is very sensitive and determines the presence of pollen as an allergen, with a single test with a very high degree of sensitivity and the presence of the allergen. The group of individuals taken in the analysis were 100 of which 34 came out negative from the Alleisascreen test and 66 positive’s cases. What is of interest in this study is that most of the population has a lack of information about allergies and pass it on as something normal. For the first time, pollen as a larynx and its connection with allergic asthma has been studied in the city of Tirana. Through biostatistical analyses we have seen the association of allergic asthma in relation to their age group, gender and place of residence.