GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS AND LEVELS

Abstract: The greenhouse effect in a natural phenomen linked to the absorption of solar energy by the earth’s atmosphere. Part of the long-wave infrared radiation emitted by the sun is not reflected back into space by the Earth’s surface but is absorbed by greenhouse gases (GHGs) naturally occuring in the atmosphere. This radiation is transformed into heat, resulting in a stable average temperature of 15oC in the Earth’s atmosphere. The current trend of climate change is warming the planet towards its highest temperatures in the last 1–40 million years. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projects a minimum temperature increase of 1.4 ◦C and projected sea level increase of 0.2m by 2100 resulting from anthropogenic climate change. The main contributors regarding GHGs are fossil fuels (such as oil, coal and natural gas) burning for electricity production and its utilisation in industry, deforestation, transportation systems, agricultural waste burning, livestock emissions as well as evolved gases from sanitary landfill. Animal husbandry is also an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. Two important greenhouse gases, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), are released into the atmospheres of livestock activities. Turkey is an important country in the world in terms of the number of animals and is also due to the total greenhouse gas production 7% of value of agricultural and livestock activities. The lack of proper livestock models increases the amount of greenhouse gases. Methane emissions are mainly due to enteric fermentation and manure management. On the other hand, the main source of N2O emissions is the burning of agricultural land and stubble. 70% of agricultural N2O emissions are based on the use of nitrogen and natural fertilizers. Turkey, CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation calculating the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) determined by the methods given first tier uses a technical name. This study includes literature on the source and effects of greenhouse gases and calculation methods for livestock and agriculture